Wednesday, March 29, 2006

Common Unix & Linux commands

Directory Mappings  Linux (Red Hat) SOLARIS
Root filesystem /                  {/dev/sda1} /  {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol}
Home Directory / /export/home
       /dev/vx/dsk/home}
    /tmp 
    /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}
    /usr 
    /var
User Accounts LINUX(RedHat) Solaris
Password files /etc/passwd /etc/passwd 
/etc/shadow /etc/shadow
Groups file /etc/group /etc/group
Maximum # of user ID 65535 2147483647
Allow/Deny remote login /etc/securetty /etc/default/login
{ttyp1} {CONSOLE=/dev/console}
User nobody's id # 99 60001 & 65534(nobody4)
Group nobody's id # 99 60002 & 65534(nogroup)
Recover root password linux S boot cdrom -s
vi /etc/shadow mkdir /tmp/a
  mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a
  vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow
Create new user useradd useradd
Delete user userdel userdel
List users   logins
Modify user account usermod usermod
General Commands LINUX(RedHat) Solaris
Unique host ID hostid hostid
Administrator linuxconf admintool
Performance monitor top top
System activity reporter   sar
Virtual Memory statistics vmstat vmstat
I/O statistics   iostat
Error logs dmesg  dmesg
Physical RAM 64 GB {>2.3.24} 16TB
Shared Memory sysctl kernel.shmmax  
Process Data Space 900 MB   
Swap device /dev/sda2 /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol
Swap file type partition type 82  swap
Display swap size free swap -l
Activate Swap swapon -a swap -a
Printers LINUX Solaris
Printer Queues /var/spool/lpd/lp/* /etc/lp/interfaces/*
Stop LP  /etc/init.d/lpd stop /usr/lib/lp/lpshut
Start LP /etc/init.d/lpd start /usr/lib/lp/lpsched
Submit print jobs lpr lp
lpr
LP statistics lpq lpstat
Remove print jobs lprm cancel
lprm
Add printer queue printtool lpadmin -p pq
Remove Printer queue   lpadmin -x pq
Make default printer   lpadmin -d pq
TCP/IP LINUX(RedHat) Solaris
Network IP configuration /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/  /etc/hostname.*
/etc/inet/*
/etc/defaultrouter
Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts /etc/inet/hosts
Name service switch /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf
Network parameters sysctl -a | grep net ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ?
Routing daemon routed in.routed
NIC Configurations ifconfig -a ifconfig -a
Secondary IP Address modprobe ip_alias ifconfig hme0:1 IP up
ifconfig eth0:1 IP
Login prompt /etc/issue BANNER @
/etc/default/telnetd
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals cd /dev {/etc/system}
./MAKEDEV -v pty set pt_cnt = #   {SYSV}
  set npty = #      {BSD}
   
  {/etc/iu.ap}
  ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat
   
  halt
  boot -r
Maximum # of ptys 256 176                {BSD}
3000              {SYSV}
Remote Shell rsh rsh
YP/NIS service binder /sbin/ypbind /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind
System Files LINUX(RedHat) Solaris
NFS exported /etc/exports /etc/dfs/dfstab
/etc/dfs/sharetab
NFS Client mounted directories /var/lib/nfs/xtab /etc/rmtab
Max File System 2 TB  1 TB
8000 TB {vxfs}
Max File Size 2 GB     {512B block size}  1 TB
8192 GB  {8KB block size}  2 GB {=<2.5.1}
Max # File Descriptors sysctl fs.file-max 64 K
DISK/LVM Commands LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS
Filesystem table /etc/fstab /etc/vfstab
Free disk blocks df -k df -k
Device listing cat /proc/devices sysdef
Disk information cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model format -d c#t#d#
format>current
format>inquiry
Disk Label fdisk -l prtvtoc
LVM Concepts logical extents sub disk
  logical volume Volume
    Plex
  volume group disk group
Journal Filesystem type ext2 vxfs
Default volume group   /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg
Display volume group vgdisplay -v vxprint -l -g rootdg
Modify physical volume pvchange  
Prepare physical disk pvcreate vxdiskadd
List physical volume pvdisplay vxprint -dl
Remove disk from volume group vgreduce vxdg rmdisk
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes pvmove vxassist move
Create volume group vgcreate vxdg init
Remove volume group vgremove  
Volume group availability vgchange  
Restore volume group vgcfgrestore  
Exports volume group vgexport vxdg deport
Imports volume group vgimport vxdg import
Volume group listing vgscan  
Change logical volume characteristics  lvchange  vxedit set
List logical volume lvdisplay vxprint -vl
Make logical volume lvcreate vxassist make
Extend logical volume lvextend vxassist growto
Reduce logical volume lvreduce vxassist shrinkto
Remove logical volume lvremove vxedit rm
Prepare boot volumes lilo vxbootsetup
Extend File system resize2fs vxva
mkfs -M
Reduce/Split mirrors lvsplit  
Merge mirrors lvmerge  
Create mirrors   vxassist mirror
Add mirrors    
Create striped volumes lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5
Backup tar cvf /dev/rst0 / ufsdump
Restore tar xvf /dev/rst0  ufsrestore
MISC LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS
Startup script /etc/rc.d/rc /sbin/init.d
Kernel /boot/vmlinuz /kernel/genunix
Kernel Parameters sysctl -a sysdef -i
Reconfigure the kernel cd /usr/src/linux  vi /etc/system
make mrproper  reboot
make menuconfig   
make dep   
make clean   
make bzimage  
make install  
make modules  
make modules_install  
   
cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16  
mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.2.16.img 2.2.16  
vi /etc/lilo.conf  
lilo  
List modules lsmod modinfo
Load module insmod modload
Unload module rmmod modunload
Initialize system netconf sys-unconfig
Physical RAM free prtconf
Kernel Bits getconf WORD_BIT isainfo -kv
Crash utility lcrash crash
Trace System Calls strace truss
Machine model uname -m uname -imp
OS Level uname -r uname -r
Run Level runlevel who -r
Core dump files   /var/crash/`uname -n`
Boot single user linux S ok boot -s
Maintenance mode   ok boot -as
Interrupt Key   Stop-A
Return to console   ok go
Timezone Management /etc/sysconfig/clock /etc/TIMEZONE
/etc/default/init
NTP Daemon /etc/ntp.conf /etc/inet/ntp.conf
/etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd /etc/init.d/xntpd
Software LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS
Install Software rpm -i package pkgadd
Uninstall software rpm -e package pkgrm
List installed software rpm -qa pkginfo
Verify installed software rpm -V package pkginfo -i
pkginfo -p
List all files rpm -ql package pkgchk -l package
List installed patches   patchadd -p
Package owner rpm -qf file pkgchk -l -p path
SW Directory /var/lib/rpm /var/sadm
Devices LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS
Devices /dev /devices
Install devices for attached peripherals /dev/MAKEDEV drvconfig
devlinks
disks
tapes
ports
Remove device   rem_drv
Device drivers   prtconf -D
CPU cat /proc/cpuinfo psrinfo -v
List Terminal   pmadm -l
Diagnostics   /usr/platform/`uname -m`/
sbin/prtdiag
ok test-all
/opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts
Whole Disk /dev/sda /dev/c#t#d0s2
CDROM /dev/cdrom /dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2
CDROM file type iso9660 hsfs
Rewinding tape drive /dev/rst0               { c 9 0} /dev/rmt/0
Non-rewinding tape drive /dev/nrst0           { c 9 128 } /dev/rmt/0n
Floppy drive /dev/fd0 /dev/diskette
Posted by Babai at 08:24:54 | Permanent Link | Comments (0) |
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